San Ceciliae: The Church of St. Cecilia

What: Church dedicated to St. Cecilia; her body is buried in the crypt here
Where: in Trastevere, built over the house of St. Cecilia
FunFacts:

• The urn in the fountain in front is over 2,000 years old, forerunner of the modern holy water font
• Palinpcest--the bel tower is medieval, the facade is baroque
• Baldacchino is gothic, contemporary with Dante

Interior

Famous sculpture of St. Cecilia's incorrupt body exactly as it was found in the catacombs

Baldacchino and apse mosaics

Single rose that was in bloom in the courtyard out front on the cold day we visited

San Benedetto in Piscinula

Interior

What: church built in the house where St. Benedict stayed during his time in Rome
Where: in Trastevere
When: 500 AD
FunFacts:

• smallest bell tower in Rome
• oldest bell tower in Rome, dates back to 1067
• has the only Cosmati floors in Rome that have not been reset

Cosmati floors

San Chrisogono

What: church taken care of by the Trinitarian Fathers, who were founded in the middle ages to ransom slaves
Who:  restored by Scipione Borghese

FunFacts:

• the floors are opus sectile style, done by the Cosmati family
• The incorrupt body of Blessed Maria Tiagi, a Roman housewife who died in 1837, is here
• A relic of St. John of Matha, founder of the Trinitarian Fathers, is here
• The relics of St. James the Lesser and of St. Chrisogono are here

Incorrupt body of Blessed Maria Tiagi

Encased relics of St. James the Lesser, an apostle

Santa Maria in Trastevere

Facade of S. Maria in Trastevere

What: one of the earliest places of Christian worship in Rome, the oldest church dedicated to Mary
Who: early Christians; Pope Innocent III commissioned the building of basilica over original 3rd/4th century structure
When: structure dates from 1140
Where: in Trastevere, "accross the Tiber" literally (trans-Tibere)
Why: In 38 B.C. oil spring up out of the ground miraculously.  This was interpreted as a sign of the imminent coming of Christ, the "Anointed One" (anointed with oil)

Interior

FunFacts:

• In the Portico (front area of church, not inside):
• 2 coats of arms, the current pope's and the titular cardinal's
• Scallop shell=sign of the pilgrim and baptism
• Fragments of the catacombs cover the walls
• Elaborate doors emphasize that when one enters a church, he or she is entering into a different, sacred space
• Floors are "Opus Sectile"
• the colors, patterns, and variation of the floors are meant to remind us of creation
• Granite columns inside are from the Nile, have ionic capitals
• Monks invented cursive handwriting when copying manuscripts
• Mosaics
• date back to either 1140 or 1290, products of the high middle ages, made by Greeks
• Intermediate mosaics--Mary's life



Annunciation



Nativity of Christ



Visit of the Magi



Presentation of Christ in the temple



The Dormition of Mary

• Lamb and sheep and upper mosaic figures



note the lamb and sheep

• Lamb in the middle=Christ, sheep=apostles
• sheep=symbol of charity; provides all, asks for nothing
• the sheep are coming from Bethlehem and Jerusalem
• God the Father is represented as the small hand over Christ's head
• Mosaic on the facade (outside): Mary with the virgins with oil

• Arms of chair=griffins
• griffins are half eagle, half lion--king of land and sky--symbol of Christ, King of all
• Aedicula--the image of Mary on the bell tower

Aedicula

• The roof is wooden, must be restored every 500 years
• Baldacchino

• the canopy over the altar
• the lower part is darker to remind us of earth
• the upper part is lighter to remind us of heaven
• Porphyry--the dark purple stone used on the lower part of the baldacchino

Terms:

• Palinpsest
• the mixture/layering of styles and periods in a single structure
• Balustrade
• railing with posts, Baroque and Rennaissance
• Contrapposto
• the play of opposing forces in sculpture
• seen in the statues of popes in front of S. Maria in Trastevere
• Spolia
• the reuse of building materials
• Dies Talias
• what Romans called the day they died, means "birthday;" the day they died was the day they were born into eternal life
• Opus Sectile
• the colors, patterns, and variation of the floors are meant to remind us of creation
• Entasis
• intentional swelling on the shaft of the column to create an optical illusion
• Apse
• semicircular area behind altar

Altemps Chapel

What: "winter chapel," baroque style
Where: side chapel in Santa Maria in Trastevere
When:1585
Why: commemorates the Council of Trent (1545-1563), which was the Church's response to the protestant reformation

Painting depicting the council.  The women are representative of the Church, the devil, and various virtues

Santa Maria Della Scala

What: Carmelite church; "Our Lady of the Steps"
Where: in Trastevere

FunFacts:

• The right foot of St. Teresa of Avila is here
• Tomb of Cardinal Nguyen is here
• Perfect acoustics
• Painting of the beheading of John the Baptist by Honthorst is here

Terms:

• Intarsia
• inlaid marble
• Tenebrism
• figures emerging out of dark background

Side altar dedicate to St. Therese of the Child Jesus

San Giovanni Della Malva

What: Albanian Catholic's church in Rome
Where: in Trastevere
FunFacts:

• originally dedicated to the Immaculate Conception, John the Baptist, and John the Evangelist

Madonelle

Madonelle are images of Mary placed in the streets of Rome on the walls of buildings.  These images were put up to ask the Blessed Mother's protection over the streets of the city.  There are over 700 throughout Rome.

Tempietto

When: Built in 1502
Who: built by Bramante
Where: in the courtyard of San Pietro in Montorio
Why: to commemorate the exact spot where St. Peter's cross/crucifixion was thought to have been (which turned out to be wrong
Fun Facts:

• Model renaissance building, balanced, symmetrical 
• Interior is plain; four evangelists in four "corners"

Church of San Pietro in Montorio

• Built to commemorate the spot where St. Peter was crucified (which turned out to be the wrong spot)
• It was rebuilt in 1481 (during the Renaissance), one of the only renaissance style buildings in Rome because not much was being built then
• Sponsored by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabel of Spain
• All churches in Rome were built to be seen in natural light or candle light
• Raimondi Chapel
• Sculpted by Bernini (1598-1860)
• Commissioned by the Raimondi family
• Well known for its use of natural light, creates dramatic effect
• Chiara Scuro (Light Dark) Effect
• Sculpture is the way light hits a surface

• Franciscan
• Tombs
• Cherub blowing out taper
• Cherub turning away, doesn't want to look in tomb
• Relief of the resurrection 
• Heart on fire--baroque symbol of passionate life

• Relief narrative (Carnival-->Ash Wednesday-->Entombment)
• Frescos
• Coat of arms of Spanish kings
• Sybils--equivalent of prophets in ancient mythology
• The Flagellation of Christ
• Artist: Piambo
• Shows off his knowledge of the human body
• Took 7 years to complete
• Fresco="fresh," painted on wet plaster
• better color retention
• lasts longer
• shows skill of artist
• Trompe L'oeil="teasing of the eye," through paint on a flat surface, make it look like something it isn't
• Painting of Veronica and Jesus by Flemish artist van Beuren

• Tombs of Irish princes
• Tempetto
• Built on spot believed to be where St. Peter was crucified
• Harmony, symmetry, great example of renaissance art

Fontanone

Fun Facts:

• Built in 1612 by Pope Paul V of the Borghese family
• Also called "Aqua Paolo"
• Dragon and eagle=symbol on Borghese coat of arms
• Columns are from the old St. Peter's
• Marble is from the Roman forum
• Spolia=Roman tradition of reusing building materials
• Bizzone=little fountains throughout Rome

Piazza Garibaldi

Fun Facts:

• Lookout from which you can see the whole city of Rome (it's a dome city)

• To the:
• East=mountains
• North=St. Peter's
• South=Naples
• West=Mediterranean
• Pine Trees
• "Umbrella pines," symbol of Rome
• Giant bronze pine cone in the old St. Peter's
• Image of renewal (a pine cone opens up in heat-->forest is renewed)
• Rome has always been about renewal
• the new Troy
• renewed with Christianity
• Pine cone on top of the dome of the Boston state house recalls the US's classical roots

• Since 1848, everyday at noon, Italian soldiers fire a cannon
• Statue of Giuseppe Garibaldi (see first picture)
• "Father of Modern Italy"
• Inscription reads "Placed here 2,660"-->2,660 years since the founding of Rome, not A.D.
• Fasces
• Symbol of justice and political unity
• Twigs break easily, but many twigs bundled together are strong
• Busts around the piazza are of Garibaldi's men, Italian patriots
• Piazza Garibaldi is on Janiculum hill
• Statue of Righetto
• Symbol of boys who died in defense of Italy
• Located here because Piazza Garibaldi (or near it) is a park for children

So...What Exactly Is This?

+JMJ+

So as not to overwhelm my other blog, this blog will cover the places I study in my "Art and Architecture of Rome" class in greater detail.  It will include historical information, fun facts, and, of course, pictures of all the places, buildings, and art that I learn about in Roma.  It will serve both for your enjoyment and my study guide.  Everyone wins!